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Sanskrit Pratyayas List

PratyayaTransliterationMeaning / UsageExampleTranslation
त ta Past tense suffix (Perfect tense) पठत He read
क्त kta Past participle suffix कृत Done
अन ana Forms adjectives or agent nouns शान्त Calm, peaceful
व va Denotes causation or agent द्रव्यव One who provides substance
ण ṇa Agent or object noun form द्रव्य Substance
इ i Denotes action or quality सुखि Happy
अ a Forms adjectives सप्त Seven
म ma Negation or absence अकुर्वत Did not do
न na Negation or absence of action नाशय Destruction
य ya Creates adjectives from roots स्वाभाविक Natural
पद pada Denotes a specific action or state उत्पन्न Born, created
तुमुन् tumun Potential or future action पठतु Let him read
क ka Agent or object शिक्षक Teacher
ण ṇa Noun for agent or instrument शान्ति Peace
म ma Negation or absence मातृम Not mother
कृ kṛ Verb root for 'to do/make' करोति He does
य ya Forms adjectives, indicating 'who is doing something' विजेता Winner
अणु aṇu Used for smallness or diminutive forms अणुः Small
सक saka Indicates capability or tendency हर्षसक Likely to be happy
किय kiya Indicates the extent of something विकिय Large
इय iya Adjectival form लघुय Smaller
उत uta Past tense or perfect participle उत्पन्न Born, created
क्तव ktava Past active participle कृतव Having done
तुम् tum Potential mood suffix पठतुम् To read
इष iṣa Desire or purpose suffix पठिष Desiring to read
अन ana Verbal noun suffix पठना Reading
अल ala Frequentative suffix चलल Moving frequently
इष्य iṣya Future suffix पठिष्यति Will read
अलु alu Frequentative or iterative चललु Moving repeatedly
इत ita Past participle गतित Gone
क्त kta Past passive participle लिखित Written
यत yata Completed action suffix गतयत Completed going
व va Denotes agent or causative द्रव्यव One who provides substance
त्व tva Abstract noun suffix सत्य Truth
इ i Adjectival suffix सुन्दरि Beautiful (female)
क ka Agentive suffix शिक्षक Teacher
ऋ ṛ Verb root or causative suffix कृ To do
म ma Negation suffix मृग Deer
इ i Feminine suffix सती Virtuous woman
य ya Adjectival suffix देवय Divine
अम् am Instrumental suffix मन्त्र Mantra
अन an Noun suffix गमन Going
इन् in Verbal suffix चलिन् Moving
अन् an Abstract noun suffix शान्ति Peace
अणु aṇu Diminutive suffix अणुः Small
ई ī Feminine suffix लक्ष्मी Goddess Lakshmi
ईय īya Feminine adjectival suffix लघुयी Smaller (female)
आ ā Feminine suffix कुमारी Maiden
उस usa Noun suffix पक्षी Bird
इय iya Adjectival suffix सारथि Charioteer